Pedagogical Agent Element and Design for Learning: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

Research on pedagogical agent can be tracked as early as 70s.Ever since that researcher on the field come with mixed opinion on its usage towards multimedia learning. Among the argument is that it will impose cognitive overload towards learner. This systematic review has been carried out on 17 research of pedagogical agent and its impact towards learner’s cognitive load. Guided by PRISMA statement (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses), using resources from Scopus and Web of Science databases. Three main themes and eight sub-themes have been identified on pedagogical agent elements and its impact on learner’s cognitive load. Several recommendations are highlighted related to direction for the future studies where elements in multimedia design principles should be explore more as it gives positive impact on learner’s cognitive load upon implemented in pedagogical agent design. Apart from it there should be guidelines on how to implement these principles and elements when developing a pedagogical agent for multimedia learning.