Development and Characterization of N anoemulsion Containing Essential Oil of Piper betle as the Active Ingredient Via Low Energy Emulsification Method

Abstract

The aim of the study is to develop and characterize the formulation of nanoemulsion containing essential oil of Piper betle. Plant based essential oil had been widely applied in cosmetics and aromatherapy, food flavoring or preservative and insect repellent products. However, these essential oils showed high volatility which can reduce the effectiveness of the products compared to the synthetic compounds. Hence, plant-based nanoemulsion is one of the manners that can overcome the disadvantage of the essential oil and improve the products' effectiveness with the application of nanotechnolgy to the formulatoin. In this study, plant based nanoemulsion was prepared using low energy emulsification method. The Piper betle essential oil was extracted using steam distillation from the leaves of Piper betle and acts as an active ingredient in the formulation.The system that was used in the making of nanoemulsion containing the essential oil of Piper betle was water/polysorbate 80/soybean oil/glycerol. The effect of surfactant to oil ratio and surfactant mixture concentration was determined. The stability of nanoemulsions under storage condition was determined, and the validity of the nanoemulsion were characterized for their physical appearances, and droplet size. The particle size obtained from the Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) test showed four samples were nanoemulsions with droplet size of 68.85 nm, 132.29 nm, 181.85 nm, and 35.91 nm. The results revealed that only four out of nine samples were stable with no separation occurred within 14 days. The making of nanoemulsion containing Piper Betle essential oil was successfully prepared via low energy emulsification method. Piper betle naoemulsion was successfully formulated and represented high potential as a natural nanoemulsion product.