Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/669
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dc.contributor.authorHashim N.Aen_US
dc.contributor.authorTengku Anuar T.F.en_US
dc.contributor.authorMuhammad S Aen_US
dc.contributor.authorNarayanen S.en_US
dc.contributor.authorSaidinr M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorKadir, N.A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorShuhaimi N.F.en_US
dc.contributor.authorZain A.M.en_US
dc.date.accessioned2021-02-01T06:16:41Z-
dc.date.available2021-02-01T06:16:41Z-
dc.date.issued2020-09-22-
dc.identifier.issn17551307-
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/669-
dc.descriptionScopusen_US
dc.description.abstractThe pillbox is a robust defence mechanism designed to protect a region or country from enemy attacks during a war. The British built several obvious pillboxes along the coast of Bachok, Kelantan in Malaya prior to the outbreak of the Second World War on December 7, 1941. In total, 9 pillboxes were built with a range of 0.99 km to 1.44 km. The purpose of this research is to determine the types of destruction of such pillboxes and their causes. This will provide archaeological documentation evidence for the historical event of World War II in Malaysia. The research methodologies applied were field surveys, participant observation, and area mapping. The results of field surveys showed that the pillboxes were destroyed by coastal erosion and human activities such as vandalism. The erosion has caused some of the structures to collapse. Local people also use the pillboxes as cages for farm animals such as goats and for dumping garbage. Moreover, there are cracks on parts of the pillbox walls. This paper focuses on two pillboxes at Kampung Ger and Kampung Kubang Kawah in Bachok. Documenting the preservation of these pillboxes serves as a source of reference for education and research, especially for future generations, as well as being a potential source of heritage tourism.en_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherIOP Publishing Ltden_US
dc.relation.ispartofIOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Scienceen_US
dc.subjectErosionen_US
dc.subjectMilitary operationsen_US
dc.titleAnalysis of the Causes of Destruction of Two British Pillboxes in Bachok, Kelantanen_US
dc.typeInternationalen_US
dc.relation.conference2nd International Conference on Tropical Resources and Sustainable Sciences, CTReSS 2020en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1088/1755-1315/549/1/012082-
dc.volume549 (1)en_US
dc.description.articleno012082en_US
dc.date.seminarstartdate2020-08-10-
dc.date.seminarenddate2020-08-11-
dc.description.placeofseminarUniversiti Malaysia Kelantan, City Campus Kelantan; Malaysiaen_US
dc.description.typeProceeding Papersen_US
item.languageiso639-1en-
item.openairetypeInternational-
item.grantfulltextopen-
item.fulltextWith Fulltext-
crisitem.author.deptUniversiti Malaysia Kelantan-
crisitem.author.deptUniversiti Malaysia Kelantan-
crisitem.author.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3233-4350-
Appears in Collections:Faculty of Creative Technology & Heritage - Proceedings
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